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Understanding Dyslexia

Welcome to The Cognitive Collective’s Dyslexia resource page

 

If you or someone you know is struggling with reading, writing, or spelling, dyslexia may be the reason. Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that affects an individual’s ability to decode written words, recognize letters and sounds, and spell words correctly. It’s important to know that dyslexia has nothing to do with intelligence – it's simply a different way the brain processes written language. Here’s what you need to know about dyslexia and the support available.

What is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a common learning difficulty that affects the way people process written and spoken language. Individuals with dyslexia may struggle with reading fluently, recognizing words quickly, decoding new words, and spelling. However, it’s important to understand that dyslexia is not linked to intelligence – people with dyslexia are often highly creative, think outside the box, and excel in other areas.
 

Dyslexia is often characterised by:
 

  • Difficulty with decoding words (sounding out words).
     

  • Problems with spelling and writing (e.g., mixing up letters or writing words incorrectly).
     

  • Trouble with reading fluency (slow, laboured reading) or understanding written material.
     

  • Memory difficulties related to recalling facts or understanding the order of letters, words, or steps in a process.
     

While dyslexia is a lifelong condition, with the right strategies and support, individuals can learn to manage their challenges and succeed academically and professionally.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Dyslexia can present in a variety of ways depending on the individual, but common signs include:
 

Reading Challenges:

  • Slow or laborious reading: Difficulty reading at a normal pace.

  • Difficulty recognising words: Struggling to recognize familiar words, which often leads to guessing or skipping words.

  • Trouble with comprehension: Difficulty understanding and remembering what has been read.

  • Reversing letters or words: Writing letters or words backwards (e.g., writing “b” instead of “d” or “saw” instead of “was”).
     

Spelling and Writing Issues:

  • Frequent spelling mistakes: Difficulty spelling common words correctly.

  • Inconsistent spelling: Spelling the same word differently in different parts of the same piece of writing (e.g., “definately” instead of “definitely”).

  • Inability to express ideas on paper: Writing can be slow, and the process of organising thoughts on paper may be challenging.
     

Other Cognitive and Language Struggles:

  • Difficulty following instructions: Trouble remembering and following multi-step instructions.

  • Trouble with handwriting: Handwriting may be messy or difficult to read, even if the person understands the content.

  • Verbal challenges: Difficulty with verbal expression or finding the right words to say, despite knowing the concept.
     

Behavioural and Emotional Impact:

  • Frustration with reading and writing tasks: Dyslexia often causes frustration, particularly with schoolwork or tasks that require reading and writing.

  • Low self-esteem: Struggling with reading and writing can lead to feelings of inadequacy or embarrassment, particularly in academic settings.

  • Avoidance of reading: Children and adults with dyslexia may avoid reading-related tasks or shy away from reading aloud in front of others.

Getting A Diagnosis

Dyslexia is diagnosed through a comprehensive assessment process that includes:
 

  1. Detailed Assessment of Reading and Writing Skills
    A qualified professional, such as an educational psychologist, will evaluate reading ability, spelling, and writing skills.
     

  2. Cognitive Testing
    Standardised testing is used to assess general cognitive abilities, including memory, processing speed, and problem-solving skills.
     

  3. Developmental History
    Gathering information about early developmental milestones, as well as family history, as dyslexia often runs in families.
     

  4. Behavioural Observations
    Observing how an individual performs reading and writing tasks, and gathering insights from teachers, parents, and caregivers.

Living with Dyscalculia: Tips & Strategies

Living with dyslexia can be challenging, but there are many strategies to help manage its effects and improve overall reading and writing skills:

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  • Practice reading regularly
    The more an individual with dyslexia practices reading, the easier it becomes. Consider reading aloud together, or using audiobooks to support the process.
     

  • Break tasks into smaller steps
    When reading or writing tasks feel overwhelming, breaking them down into smaller, manageable chunks can help reduce frustration and improve focus.
     

  • Use tools and resources
    Leverage assistive technology, such as text-to-speech programs, dictation software, or audiobooks, to make reading and writing easier.
     

  • Create a structured environment
    Establish routines and provide clear instructions to help improve organisation and reduce anxiety.
     

  • Focus on strengths
    Dyslexia doesn’t define a person’s intelligence or creativity. Encourage activities and pursuits that align with the person’s strengths, such as arts, problem-solving, or hands-on activities.

Treatment Options

Dyslexia is a lifelong condition, but with the right support and interventions, individuals can learn to manage its challenges. Common approaches to managing dyslexia include:

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Specialised Reading Instruction

  • Phonics-based instruction: Structured literacy programs that emphasize phonics (the relationship between letters and sounds) are essential for people with dyslexia. Programs like Orton-Gillingham or Wilson Reading System are widely used.

  • Multi-sensory learning: Teaching techniques that engage more than one sense (e.g., seeing, hearing, and touching) can help reinforce learning and make reading and writing more accessible.
     

Assistive Technology:

  • Text-to-Speech Software: Programs like Kurzweil or Natural Reader can read text aloud, helping individuals with dyslexia access written content more easily.

  • Speech-to-Text Software: Tools such as Dragon NaturallySpeaking allow individuals to speak their ideas and have them transcribed into text, helping to overcome challenges with writing and spelling.

  • Audio Books and Bookshare: Audiobooks allow individuals to listen to content instead of reading it, making it easier to access literature and educational materials.
     

Accommodations and Modifications:

  • Extended Time on Tests: Students with dyslexia often benefit from having more time to complete written tests or assignments.

  • Oral Examinations: In some cases, oral exams or verbal presentations are allowed as an alternative to written assessments.

  • Reading Support: Individuals with dyslexia may benefit from having texts read to them or using tools that assist with reading fluency, such as colored overlays or highlighter pens.
     

Neurodivergence-Informed Therapy:

  • Therapy aimed at improving emotional regulation, self-esteem, and coping strategies can be beneficial. Often, individuals with dyslexia may experience frustration or anxiety related to their difficulties with reading and writing, and therapy can help address these emotional challenges.

Resources & Support

Here are some helpful resources for individuals with dyslexia:
 

  1. British Dyslexia Association – Offers information, resources, and support for individuals with dyslexia and their families.

  2. Dyslexia Action – Provides training, assessments, and resources for people with dyslexia.

  3. Understood.org – A U.S.-based nonprofit providing information, tools, and support for individuals with learning and attention issues, including dyslexia

    Podcasts:
    The Dyslexia Quest Podcast – Discusses dyslexia and related topics.
    The Dyslexia Explored Podcast – Offers insights into dyslexia research.

    Books:
    The Dyslexia Empowerment Plan by Ben Foss – A guide for parents and educators.
    Overcoming Dyslexia by Sally Shaywitz – A comprehensive resource on dyslexia.

If you suspect that you or someone you know has dyslexia, or if you are looking for support in managing the condition, we’re here to help. 

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Contact us for an initial consultation or to learn more about our services. We’re dedicated to helping individuals with dyslexia unlock their potential and succeed.

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Dyslexia is a part of who you are, but it doesn’t define you. With the right support, strategies, and understanding, individuals with dyslexia can thrive academically, professionally, and personally. At The Cognitive Collective, we are here to guide you every step of the way, providing compassionate, personalised care and resources.

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